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Calculate initial dosage using the following equation: (0.008 x age in weeks) + 0.21 = theophylline dosage in mg/kg/hour IV; reduced doses may be needed in patients with risk factors for reduced theophylline clearance (e.g., cardiac or liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction in infants younger than 3 months). Oxtriphylline is the choline salt of theophylline and contains about 65% theophylline. However, some older sustained-release oral dosage forms have been reported to exhibit incomplete bioavailability and loss of slow release characteristics under certain circumstances due to their tablet or capsule design. Compute a theophylline dose that will provide a steady-state concentration of 10 μg/mL.To illustrate the differences and similarities between oral and intravenous theophylline dosage regimen design, the same cases will be used to compute altered intravenous theophylline continuous infusions using steady-state serum concentrations.LK is a 50-year-old, 75-kg (height = 5 ft 10 in) male with chronic bronchitis who is receiving an aminophylline constant intravenous infusion at a rate of 50 mg/h.
Volume of distribution is assumed to equal 0.5 L/kg for nonobese patients. About 10% of a theophylline dose is recovered in the urine as unchanged drug.Three different forms of theophylline are available.
Suggest an initial theophylline dosage regimen designed to achieve a steady-state theophylline concentration equal to 8 μg/mL. Assuming a one-compartment model, the volume of distribution (V) is calculated using the following equation: V = (S • D)/(CLK is a 50-year-old, 75-kg (height = 5 ft 10 in) male with chronic bronchitis who is receiving 300 mg every 8 hours of an oral theophylline sustained-release tablet.
Because hepatic microsomal enzyme induction is quite variable in patients, some individuals may require theophylline dosage increases while others will require no alteration in dosage requirements. Further dose adjustments may be needed due to concomitant drug therapy; review drug interactions. These are the reasons why it Disease exacerbations may be due to decreased theophylline concentrations, and a dosage increase may be warranted in some patients. Adjust … The Pharmacokinetic Parameter method requires that steady-state has been achieved and uses only a steady-state theophylline concentration (Css). Undernourished asthma patients had a mean theophylline clearance of 85.6 (SE = 6.2) ml/hr/kg while it was 125.6 (SE = 3.8) ml/hr/kg in well-nourished asthma patients.
He currently smokes two packs of cigarettes daily, and has normal liver and cardiac function.
He has liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score = 11) and normal cardiac function. bolus administration: V D C0 C C e ket 0 For multiple I.V. Suggest an initial theophylline dosage regimen for this patient.OI is a 60-year-old, 85-kg (height = 6 ft 1 in) male with emphysema who requires therapy with intravenous theophylline. In these cases, theophylline dosage requirements and steady-state serum concentrations should be reassessed on a yearly basis. Premature neonates have average theophylline half-lives equal to 30 hours 3-15 days after birth and 20 hours 25-57 days after birth.Febrile illnesses can temporarily decrease the clearance of theophylline and require an immediate dosage decrease to avoid toxicity.Because only a small amount of theophylline is eliminated unchanged in the urine (<10% of a dose), dosage adjustments are not necessary in patients with renal impairment.Hypothyroid patients have decreased basal metabolic rates, and require smaller theophylline doses until a euthyroid condition is established.Drug interactions with theophylline are common and occur with a variety of medications.Theophylline elimination is also subject to induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes which increases theophylline clearance. Clearance of the drug is increased in children (age 1 to 12), teenagers (12 to 16), adult smokers, elderly smokers, as well as in cystic fibrosis, and hyperthyroidism. Theophylline is a general central nervous system stimulant and specifically stimulates the medullary respiratory center. Suggest an initial intravenous aminophylline dosage regimen designed to achieve a steady-state theophylline concentration equal to 10 μg/mL.Because of the large amount of variability in theophylline pharmacokinetics, even when concurrent disease states and conditions are identified, many clinicians believe that the use of standard theophylline doses for various situations is warrented.To illustrate the similarities and differences between this method of dosage calculation and the pharmacokinetic dosing method, the same examples used in the previous section will be used.LK is a 50-year-old, 75-kg (height = 5 ft 10 in) male with chronic bronchitis who requires therapy with oral theophylline. 2. bolus administration: For a single I.V.
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