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A collective review of current concepts. Cyclosporine (CsA) is the current primary immunosuppressant for the prevention of allograft rejection in solid organ transplantation.
Transplant Proc. J Periodontol. However, owing to its molecular mechanism of action the drug is associated with various adverse side effects (eg, nephrotoxicity). 10.1016/0030-4220(72)90228-9.The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:Periodontology Unit, Dental Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart-Rome, ItalyMarco Clementini, Gianluca Vittorini, Alessandro Crea, Ludovica Antonella Macrì & Giorgio DeliEpidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart-Rome, ItalyYou can also search for this author in
Epub 2009 Jun 8.Gao C, Wang X, Lu J, Li Z, Jia H, Chen M, Chang Y, Liu Y, Li P, Zhang B, Du X, Qi F.Stem Cell Res Ther. Lasix (furosemide) is a potent diuretic (water pill) that treats excess fluid or swelling of the body (edema) caused by cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, heart failure, and kidney disease.
10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00488.x.Rateitschak-Pluss E, Hefti A, Lortscher R, Thiel G: Initial observation that cyclosporin-A induces gingival enlargement in man. 2020 Jun 17;11(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01752-1.Silva MI, Barbosa AI, Costa Lima SA, Costa P, Torres T, Reis S.Nanomaterials (Basel). CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar Therefore, in this review, we will first provide an update on CsA nephrotoxicity in humans and describe the potential biomarkers of CsA nephrotoxicity.
However, some reports also suggest that nitric oxide synthesis is enhanced in the kidney cortex during CsA nephrotoxicity. 1998, 3: 25-7.Strachan D, Burton I, Pearson GJ: Is oral azithromycin effective for the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in cardiac transplant recipients?.
J Heart Lung Transplant. A great heterogeneity between proposed treatments and outcomes was found, and this did not allow to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis.
10.1159/000044999.Jucgla A, Moreso F, Sais G, Gil-Vernet S, Graells J, Grinyo JM, Peyri J: The use of azithromycin for cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth. The only way to make sense of the different results from the selected studies was the construction of a data summary table.Anyway, AZM, only if associated with SRP, could be considered a better way to treat GO caused by CsA therapy than MZM or placebo such as it arose considering these 5 eligible studies. While the mechanisms underlying CsA nephrotoxicity are still not fully understood, increasing lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in this phenomenon. However, CsA nephrotoxicity is a serious side effect that limits the clinical use of CsA.
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Transplantation. Br J Dermatol. 1987, 58: 639-642.Fattore L, Stablein M, Bredfelt G, Semla T, Moran M, Doherty-Greenberg JM: Gingival hyperplasia: A side effect of nifedipine and diltiazem. 2000, 71: 438-443. 10.1097/00007890-199905150-00018.Verma A, Dhawan A: Re: Trial of metronidazole vs. azithromycin for treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.MC, GV, AC, LAM carried out bibliographic search and selected the articles; GD carried out the coordination; GLT and MRG participated in the design of the study and methodology.All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. 10.1016/S0041-1345(01)01973-X.Kwun WH, Suh BY, Kwun KB: Effect of azithromycin in the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00175.x.Fu E, Nieh S, Wikesjo UM: The effect of plaque retention on cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in rats.
You can also search for this author in Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive agent that greatly reduces the rates of kidney-, heart-, and liver-transplant rejection. The pathogenesis of GO and the mechanism of action of Azithromycin (AZM) are unclear. 2001, 86: 110-Wahlstrom E, Zamora JU, Teichman S: Improvement in cyclosporine-associated gingival Hyperplasia with azithromycin therapy. The systematic review revealed that a 5-day course of Azithromycin with Scaling and Root Planing reduces the degree of gingival overgrowth, while a 7-day course of metronidazole is only effective on concomitant bacterial over-infection.Few RCTs on the efficacy of systemic antibiotic therapy in case of GO were found in the literature review. AZM associated with oral hygiene program reduced GO. 1991, 11: 107-109. J Clin Periodontol. The great heterogeneity of diagnostic data and outcomes is due to the lack of precise diagnostic methods and protocols about GO.
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