";s:4:"text";s:28435:"Hanukkah dishes include sufganiot (Hanukkah donuts), potato latkes (pancakes), mandelbrot (this can be sliced like a hard bread), and rugelach (pastry that with different fillings). Translation: "Blessed are You, LORD our God, King of the universe, Who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to kindle the Hanukkah light[s]. Hanukkah 2020 Countdown Clock will show you the number of days, hours and minutes until Hanukkah 2020. Hanukkah, Jewish festival that begins on Kislev 25 (in December, according to the Gregorian calendar) and is celebrated for eight days. She went back to his tent with him, where she plied him with cheese and wine. Hanukkah for the year 2021 is celebrated/ observed on sundown of November 28 ending at sundown on Monday, December 6.. Hanukkah is an eight-day Jewish festival with the first day known as Chanukah, Festival of Lights, and Feast of Dedication. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. The dates of Hanukkah are determined by the Hebrew calendar. Antiochus's actions provoked a large-scale revolt. — Hilchot Megilot v Hanukkah 3:2-3, Some modern scholars, following the account in 2 Maccabees, observe that the king was intervening in an internal civil war between the Maccabean Jews and the Hellenized Jews in Jerusalem. [80][81][82][83] Diane Ashton attributed the increased visibility and reinvention of Hanukkah by some of the American Jewish community as a way to adapt to American life, re-inventing the festival in "the language of individualism and personal conscience derived from both Protestantism and the Enlightenment". This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Kaufmann, Kohler (1901–1906). The Torah is read every day in the shacharit morning services in synagogue, on the first day beginning from Numbers 6:22 (according to some customs, Numbers 7:1), and the last day ending with Numbers 8:4. The law requires only one light each night per household, A better practice is to light one light each night for each member of the household. Hanukkah is an eight-day Jewish holiday celebrated in either November or December. Hanukkah is the Jewish Festival of Lights. This unique candle is called the shamash (Hebrew: שַׁמָּשׁ, "attendant"). On the first night of Hanukkah one light (candle or oil) is lit on the right side of the menorah, on the following night a second light is placed to the left of the first but it is lit first, and so on, proceeding from placing candles right to left but lighting them from left to right over the eight nights. [84], The reason for the Hanukkah lights is not for the "lighting of the house within", but rather for the "illumination of the house without," so that passersby should see it and be reminded of the holiday's miracle (i.e. In addition, the Hallel (praise) Psalms (Psalm 113 – Psalm 118) are sung during each morning service and the Tachanun penitential prayers are omitted.[102][104]. Only biblical holidays fit these criteria, and Chanukah was instituted some two centuries after the Hebrew Bible was completed. In 1989, President George H.W. The Sephardi Jews eat fritas de prasa, a similar fried dish made with mashed potato and leek. [5], Although a relatively minor holiday in strictly religious terms, Hanukkah has attained major cultural significance in North America and elsewhere, especially among secular Jews, due to its occurring around the same time as Christmas. The exiled Tobiads lobbied Antiochus IV Epiphanes to recapture Jerusalem. [147] Ashton says that Jewish families did this to maintain a Jewish identity distinct from mainline Christian culture, but on the other hand the mirroring of Hanukkah to Christmas helped Jewish families and kids feel American. There was in it [enough oil] to light [the lamps therewith] for one day, but the God of heaven whose name dwells there put therein his blessing and they were able to light from it eight days. Hanukkah marks the religious freedom of the Jewish community. [44] In particular, Jason's Hellenistic reforms would prove to be a decisive factor leading to eventual conflict within the ranks of Judaism. As the majority of the population in Israel is of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish descent, and these groups have their own Hanukkah dishes such as fritas de prasa, sfinj, cassola, and shamlias, among others. HANUKKAH 2020 begins at sunset on December 10 and is one of the most important dates on the Jewish calendar. There are several different versions; the version presented here is recited in many Ashkenazic communities:[95], In the Ashkenazi tradition, each night after the lighting of the candles, the hymn Ma'oz Tzur is sung. [85], Generally, women are exempt in Jewish law from time-bound positive commandments, although the Talmud requires that women engage in the mitzvah of lighting Hanukkah candles "for they too were involved in the miracle. [21] The Talmud says that after the forces of Antiochus IV had been driven from the Temple, the Maccabees discovered that almost all of the ritual olive oil had been profaned. [126], The United States has a history of recognizing and celebrating Hanukkah in a number of ways. It is Sephardic custom not to light the shamash first and use it to light the rest. Chanukah (Hanukkah) starts on the Hebrew calendar date of 25 Kislev, and lasts for eight days.Here are the coinciding secular dates for this year: Chanukah 2021: Nightfall on November 28 - Nightfall on December 6. Hanukkah, also known as the Festival of Lights or the Festival of Dedication, is a joyous celebration for the Jewish people. Judea was part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt until 200 BCE when King Antiochus III the Great of Syria defeated King Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt at the Battle of Panium. [88] Friday night presents a problem, however. Only when there was danger of antisemitic persecution were lamps supposed to be hidden from public view, as was the case in Persia under the rule of the Zoroastrians, or in parts of Europe before and during World War II. The giving of Hanukkah gelt also adds to the holiday excitement. However, most Hasidic groups light lamps near an inside doorway, not necessarily in public view. [145] Recent celebrations have also seen the presence of the Hanukkah bush, which is seen as a Jewish counterpart to the Christmas tree. 46a.[24]. [128], In 2001, President George W. Bush held an official Hanukkah reception in the White House in conjunction with the candle-lighting ceremony, and since then this ceremony has become an annual tradition attended by Jewish leaders from around the country. Ah, yes, Hanukkah. [90], If for whatever reason one didn't light at sunset or nightfall, the lights should be kindled later, as long as there are people in the streets. It was winter, and Jesus was in the temple courts walking in Solomon’s Colonnade" (NIV). The first day of Hanukkah is the start of a celebratory period in which a four-sided toy called dreidel is used for games. [46], What began in many respects as a civil war escalated when the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria sided with the Hellenizing Jews in their conflict with the traditionalists. When he fell into a drunken sleep, Judith beheaded him and escaped from the camp, taking the severed head with her (the beheading of Holofernes by Judith has historically been a popular theme in art). It started with Mattathias killing first a Jew who wanted to comply with Antiochus's order to sacrifice to Zeus, and then a Greek official who was to enforce the government's behest (1 Mac. Hi there! At the end of the Shabbat, there are those who light the Hanukkah lights before Havdalah and those who make Havdalah before the lighting Hanukkah lights. The song contains six stanzas. This Greek word was chosen because the Hebrew word for "consecration" or "dedication" is "Hanukkah" (חנכה). Of course, you've got some prep work to do: Ahead of the celebration, you need to purchase the perfect Hanukkah gifts, hang your favorite festive decorations, and decide on a holiday menu to serve throughout the week. Hanukkah (also spelled “Chanukah”) is an eight-day winter “festival of lights,” which begins each year on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev. The most preferred practice is to vary the number of lights each night. [28] Josephus does not say the festival was called Hanukkah but rather the "Festival of Lights": In the New Testament, John 10:22–23 says, "Then came the Festival of Dedication at Jerusalem. Nevertheless, though Chanukah is of rabbinic origin, it is traditionally celebrated in a major and very public fashion. When is Hanukkah in 2020? Since the 1970s, the worldwide Chabad Hasidic movement has initiated public menorah lightings in open public places in many countries. What is Hanukkah? Lamps are lit in the evening over the doors of the homes, on each of the eight nights, so as to display the miracle. The Temple was liberated and rededicated. Today, that means we get more time to celebrate with friends and family. In the days of the Hasmonean Mattathias, son of Johanan the high priest, and his sons, when the iniquitous Greco-Syrian kingdom rose up against Your people Israel, to make them forget Your Torah and to turn them away from the ordinances of Your will, then You in your abundant mercy rose up for them in the time of their trouble, pled their cause, executed judgment, avenged their wrong, and delivered the strong into the hands of the weak, the many into the hands of few, the impure into the hands of the pure, the wicked into the hands of the righteous, and insolent ones into the hands of those occupied with Your Torah. It celebrates a miracle that happened in Jerusalem over 2,000 years ago. [88] However, they must remain lit through the lighting of the Shabbat candles. ", בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱ-לֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁעָשָׂה נִסִּים לַאֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה.[94]. Both the Israeli and North American versions of Hanukkah emphasize resistance, focusing on some combination of national liberation and religious freedom as the defining meaning of the holiday. [70], Each night throughout the eight-day holiday, a candle or oil-based light is lit. עַל כֵּן קַיִּימוּ בְּנֵי חַשְׁמוּנַּאי הָדֵין קְיָימָא וַאֲסַרוּ הָדֵין אֲסָּרָא אִנּוּן וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כּוּלְּהוֹן. Among the most well known songs in English-speaking countries are "Dreidel, Dreidel, Dreidel"[108] and "Oh Chanukah". Some of the best known are "Ma'oz Tzur" (Rock of Ages), "Latke'le Latke'le" (Yiddish song about cooking Latkes), "Hanukkiah Li Yesh" ("I Have a Hanukkah Menorah"), "Ocho Kandelikas" ("Eight Little Candles"), "Kad Katan" ("A Small Jug"), "S'vivon Sov Sov Sov" ("Dreidel, Spin and Spin"), "Haneirot Halolu" ("These Candles which we light"), "Mi Yimalel" ("Who can Retell") and "Ner Li, Ner Li" ("I have a Candle"). [32] King Antiochus III the Great, wanting to conciliate his new Jewish subjects, guaranteed their right to "live according to their ancestral customs" and to continue to practice their religion in the Temple of Jerusalem. [134][135][136], Major Jewish holidays are those when all forms of work are forbidden, and that feature traditional holiday meals, kiddush, holiday candle-lighting, etc. Adapting the classical Hebrew pronunciation with the geminate and pharyngeal Ḥeth can lead to the spelling Hanukkah, while adapting the modern Hebrew pronunciation with no gemination and uvular Ḥeth leads to the spelling Chanukah. [114], Latkes are not popular in Israel, as they are more commonly made at home and are an Ashkenazi Jewish dish. When is Hanukkah? However, its original sound is closer to the English H than to the Scottish Ch, and Hanukkah more accurately represents the spelling in the Hebrew alphabet. [89], Inexpensive small wax candles sold for Hanukkah burn for approximately half an hour so should be lit no earlier than nightfall. Hanukkah 2021 will begin in the evening of Sunday 28th Nov, 2021 (28/11/2021) and ends in the nightfall of Monday 6th Dec, 2021 (06/12/2021). It is known that in the second century BC the Holy Land was ruled by the Seleucids. Hanukkah bushes are generally discouraged today by most rabbis,[1] but some Reform, Reconstructionist and more liberal Conservative rabbis do not object, even to Christmas trees. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, "When Judas Maccabeus entered the [Second Temple of Jerusalem], he found only a small jar of oil that had not been defiled by Antiochus. In 2021, Hanukkah begins at Sundown on Sunday, November 28, 2021 and ends on the Evening of Monday, December 6, 2021. An example of this is the Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life's renewable energy campaign.[142][143][144]. The festival of Hanukkah was instituted to celebrate this event. This differs from Sabbath candles which are meant to be used for illumination and lighting. [78], The lights can be candles or oil lamps. Hanukkah 2021 Countdown Clock will show you the number of days, hours and minutes until Hanukkah 2021. This year the Festival of Lights begins on December 10 and ends December 18. A Hanukkah menorah, also known as a hanukkiah or a Hanukkah menorah, has nine branches (one candle for each night plus the shamash. [133] This convergence prompted the creation of the portmanteau neologism Thanksgivukkah. According to the Talmud, "For when the Greeks entered the Sanctuary, they defiled all the oils therein, and when the Hasmonean dynasty prevailed against and defeated them, they made search and found only one cruse of oil which lay with the seal of the kohen gadol (high priest), but which contained sufficient [oil] for one day's lighting only; yet a miracle was wrought therein, and they lit [the lamp] therewith for eight days. [122], After lighting the candles, it is customary to play (or spin) the dreidel. In 2009 a Hanukkah stamp was issued with a design featured a photograph of a menorah with nine lit candles. 168 BCE: Under the reign of Antiochus IV, the, 166 BCE: Mattathias dies, and Judah takes his place as leader. הנרות הללו אנו מדליקין על הנסים ועל הנפלאות ועל התשועות ועל המלחמות שעשית לאבותינו בימים ההם, בזמן הזה על ידי כהניך הקדושים. The Greeks attempted to Hellenize the Jews and abolish many Jewish practices and many Jews willingly complied. Therefore, the sons of Ḥashmonai made this covenant and took upon themselves a solemn vow, they and the sons of Israel, all of them, to publish amongst the sons of Israel, [to the end] that they might observe these eight days of joy and honour, as the days of the feasts written in [the book of] the Law; [even] to light in them so as to make known to those who come after them that their God wrought for them salvation from heaven. Fried foods (such as latkes (potato pancakes), jelly doughnuts (sufganiyot), and Sephardic bimuelos) are eaten to commemorate the importance of oil during the celebration of Hanukkah. [115] Bakeries in Israel have popularized many new types of fillings for sufganiyot besides the traditional strawberry jelly filling, including chocolate cream, vanilla cream, caramel, cappuccino and others. According to this tradition, the lamps are placed on the opposite side from the mezuzah, so that when one passes through the door s/he is surrounded by the holiness of mitzvot (the commandments). One minhag favors the fifth night of Hanukkah for giving Hanukkah gelt. [12] Moreover, the 'kaf' consonant is geminate in classical (but not modern) Hebrew. Stores in Haredi neighborhoods sell the traditional Shin dreidels as well, because they understand "there" to refer to the Temple and not the entire Land of Israel, and because the Hasidic Masters ascribe significance to the traditional letters. On each night of Hanukkah, Jewish families light a candelabra called the menorah. These books are not part of the canonized Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) used by modern Jews, though they were included in the Greek Septuagint. [7][8], Many homiletical explanations have been given for the name:[9], In Hebrew, the word Hanukkah is written חֲנֻכָּה or חֲנוּכָּה (Ḥănukkāh). Judith, a pious widow, told the city leaders that she had a plan to save the city. [106], The last day of Hanukkah is known by some as Zot Hanukkah and by others as Chanukat HaMizbeach, from the verse read on this day in the synagogue Numbers 7:84, Zot Hanukkat Hamizbe'ach: "This was the dedication of the altar". The celebration was instituted by Judas Maccabeus in 165 BC to commemorate his victory over Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a Seleucid king who had invaded Judaea and tried to outlaw Judaism. [88] Many Hasidic Rebbes light much later to fulfill the obligation of publicizing the miracle by the presence of their Hasidim when they kindle the lights. ", בָּתַר דְּנָּא עָלוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבֵית מַקְדְּשָׁא וּבְנוֹ תַּרְעַיָּא וְדַכִּיאוּ בֵּית מַקְדְּשָׁא מִן קְטִילַיָּא וּמִן סְאוֹבֲתָא. [34] The Tobiads, who led the Hellenizing Jewish faction in Jerusalem, were expelled to Syria around 170 BCE when the high priest Onias and his pro-Egyptian faction wrested control from them. [101] This addition refers to the victory achieved over the Syrians by the Hasmonean Mattathias and his sons. [148] During this time period, Jewish leaders (especially Reform) like Max Lilienthal and Isaac Mayer Wise made an effort to rebrand Hanukkah and started creating Hanukkah celebration for kids at their synagogues, which included candy and singing songs. Hanukkah 2020 Coundown Calendar. [116] In recent years, downsized, "mini" sufganiyot containing half the calories of the regular, 400-to-600-calorie version, have become popular. [102][103], The same prayer is added to the grace after meals. The miracle of the oil is widely regarded as a legend and its authenticity has been questioned since the Middle Ages. Hanukkah reaffirms the ideals of Judaism and commemorates in particular the rededication of the Second Temple of Jerusalem by … בְּאַדְלָקוּת יוֹמָא חֲדָא הֲוָה בַּהּ וַאֲלָה שְׁמַיָּא דִּי שַׁכֵין שְׁמֵיהּ תַּמָּן יְהַב בַּהּ בִּרְכְּתָא וְאַדְלִיקוּ מִנַּהּ תְּמָנְיָא יוֹמִין. [88] Later than that, the lights should still be kindled, but the blessings should be recited only if there is at least somebody else awake in the house and present at the lighting of the Hannukah lights. When Does Hanukkah Start in 2021?. "[86][87], Hanukkah lights should usually burn for at least half an hour after it gets dark. The Festival of Lights.The "Jewish Christmas." They found only a single container that was still sealed by the High Priest, with enough oil to keep the menorah in the Temple lit for a single day. The Haftarah reading for the first Sabbath Hanukkah is Zechariah 2:14 – Zechariah 4:7. This year the Festival of Lights begins on December 10 and ends December 18. Selected battles between the Maccabees and the Seleucid Syrian-Greeks: Hanukkah is celebrated with a series of rituals that are performed every day throughout the eight-day holiday, some are family-based and others communal. Italkim and Hungarian Jews traditionally eat cheese pancakes known as "cassola" or "cheese latkes". It is also forbidden to fast or to eulogize during Hanukkah. Hanukkah is an eight-day Jewish observance that remembers the Jewish people's struggle for religious freedom. Ahead, we've outlined when Hanukkah falls in 2020. [117], Rabbinic literature also records a tradition of eating cheese and other dairy products during Hanukkah. [110], Penina Moise's Hannukah Hymn published in the 1842 Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations was instrumental in the beginning of Americanization of Hanukkah. We kindle these lights for the miracles and the wonders, for the redemption and the battles that you made for our forefathers, in those days at this season, through your. [93], בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה', אֱ-לֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר חֲנֻכָּה.[94]. It will end on the evening of Friday, December 18, 2020. They used this, yet it burned for eight days (the time it took to have new oil pressed and made ready). When is the first day of Hanukkah?Hanukkah lasts eight days and falls sometime in late November or December, close to the Christian celebration of Christmas. It ends on the second day of Tevet, which is the tenth month of the Jewish calendar. According to the teachings of Kabbalah and Hasidism, this day is the final "seal" of the High Holiday season of Yom Kippur and is considered a time to repent out of love for God. Ah, yes, Hanukkah. When is Hanukkah 2020? By 166 BCE, Mattathias had died, and Judah took his place as leader. Therefore, the Hanukkah menorah is lit first with larger candles than usual,[88] followed by the Shabbat candles. Judea then became part of the Seleucid Empire of Syria. Hence, if one were to need extra illumination on Hanukkah, the shamash candle would be available, and one would avoid using the prohibited lights. The, 96 BCE: Beginning of an eight-year civil war between, 85–82 BCE: Consolidation of the Kingdom in territory east of the, 63 BCE: The Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom comes to an end because of a rivalry between the brothers, Sunset, 2 December 2018 – nightfall, 10 December 2018, Sunset, 22 December 2019 – nightfall, 30 December 2019, Sunset, 10 December 2020 – nightfall, 18 December 2020, Sunset, 28 November 2021 – nightfall, 6 December 2021, Sunset, 18 December 2022 – nightfall, 26 December 2022, Sunset, 7 December 2023 – nightfall, 15 December 2023, Sunset, 25 December 2024 – nightfall, 2 January 2025, Sunset, 14 December 2025 – nightfall, 22 December 2025, This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 01:52. Because the Hebrew calendar is based on the lunar cycle , the dates of Jewish holidays according to the Gregorian calendar change from year to year. Chanukah begins Thursday evening, December 10, 2020 and continues through Friday, December 18, 2020. Hanneirot hallalu anu madlikin 'al hannissim ve'al hanniflaot 'al hatteshu'ot ve'al hammilchamot she'asita laavoteinu bayyamim haheim, (u)bazzeman hazeh 'al yedei kohanekha hakkedoshim. (On the Hebrew calendar, Hanukkah begins on the 25 th day of the month of Kislev). Want to learn more about this holiday? Because Hanukkah changes days each year, it's important to mark your calendar in order to plan properly. Some common Hanukkah traditions include: Lighting the Menorah. The Festival of Lights.The "Jewish Christmas." The dreidel design was used through 2008. [138], With the advent of Zionism and the state of Israel, however, these themes were reconsidered. Bold indicates major holidays commonly celebrated in the United States, which often represent the major celebrations of the month. The amount is usually in small coins, although grandparents or relatives may give larger sums. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Hanukkah is a festival that "reaffirms the ideals of Judaism and commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple of Jerusalem." [16] Furthermore, the letter ḥeth (ח), which is the first letter in the Hebrew spelling, is pronounced differently in modern Hebrew (voiceless uvular fricative) from in classical Hebrew (voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ħ]), and neither of those sounds is unambiguously representable in English spelling. The weekly Torah portion for the first Sabbath is almost always Miketz, telling of Joseph's dream and his enslavement in Egypt. Hanukkah is on its way! The Greek noun used appears in the neuter plural as "the renewals" or "the consecrations" (Greek: τὰ ἐγκαίνια; ta enkaínia). Latkes have also been largely replaced by sufganiyot due to local economic factors, convenience and the influence of trade unions. Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday, often referred to as the "Festival of Lights." In them, it is not permitted to mourn, neither to decree a fast [on those days], and anyone who has a vow to perform, let him perform it.[26]. [75], The purpose of the shamash is to adhere to the prohibition, specified in the Talmud,[76] against using the Hanukkah lights for anything other than publicizing and meditating on the Hanukkah miracle. [31]. Vekhol-shemonat yemei Hanukkah hanneirot hallalu kodesh heim, ve-ein lanu reshut lehishtammesh baheim ella lir'otam bilvad kedei lehodot ul'halleil leshimcha haggadol 'al nissekha ve'al nifleotekha ve'al yeshu'otekha. Since candles may not be lit on Shabbat itself, the candles must be lit before sunset. [77] Electric lights are sometimes used and are acceptable in places where open flame is not permitted, such as a hospital room, or for the very elderly and infirm; however, those who permit reciting a blessing over electric lamps only allow it if it is incandescent and battery operated (an incandescent flashlight would be acceptable for this purpose), while a blessing may not be recited over a plug-in menorah or lamp. There are special additions to the daily prayer service, and a section is added to the blessing after meals. [91], Typically two blessings (brachot; singular: brachah) are recited during this eight-day festival when lighting the candles. Have the chutzpah to embrace Yiddish", Romanization of Hebrew § How to transliterate, "The Old Testament in the Orthodox Church", 10.4159/DLCL.josephus-jewish_antiquities.1930, Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica, "December: Judith and the Hanukkah Story", "Education Ministry Changes Start of School Year – Again", "How to Light the Menorah – Light Up Your Environment! To explain the Mishna's lack of a systematic discussion of Hanukkah, Rav Nissim Gaon postulated that information on the holiday was so commonplace that the Mishna felt no need to explain it. [67], Among Ashkenazim the tendency is for every male member of the household (and in many families, girls as well) to light a full set of lights each night,[73][74] while among Sephardim the prevalent custom is to have one set of lights for the entire household. The Festival of Lights falls in mid-December this year. [97], After lighting the candles and Ma'oz Tzur, singing other Hanukkah songs is customary in many Jewish homes. The Aramaic New Testament uses the Aramaic word "Khawdata" (a close synonym), which literally means "renewal" or "to make new." New York: Funk & Wagnalls. The White House commissioned a menorah made by students at the Max Rayne school in Israel and invited two of its students to join U.S. President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama as they welcomed over 500 guests to the celebration. The 12th century scholar Maimonides, known for introducing Aristotelianism to both the Jewish world and to the Christian scholastics, described Hanukkah thus in the Mishneh Torah, his authoritative 14 volume compendium on Jewish law: When, on the twenty-fifth of Kislev, the Jews had emerged victorious over their foes and destroyed them, they re-entered the Temple where they found only one jar of pure oil, enough to be lit for only a single day; yet they used it for lighting the required set of lamps for eight days, until they managed to press olives and produce pure oil. וכל שמונת ימי חנוכה הנרות הללו קודש הם, ואין לנו רשות להשתמש בהם אלא להאיר אותם בלבד כדי להודות ולהלל לשמך הגדול על נסיך ועל נפלאותיך ועל ישועותיך. See, This is the first reference to the Feast of Dedication by this name (ta egkainia, ta enkainia [a typical "festive plural"]) in Jewish literature (Hengel 1999: 317). Hanukkah is celebrated to commemorate the victory of Judah Maccabee's Jewish army over the Greek soldiers and the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. ";s:7:"keyword";s:16:"when is hanukkah";s:5:"links";s:1119:"Red Push Pistache Problems,
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